From an interview with
Dr. Joseph Marmora
McLeod Cardiology Associates – Little River

According to the National Institutes of Health, Chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) is estimated to affect 16.8 million people in the United States; of these, 9.8 million have angina pectoris, and nearly 8 million have had a myocardial infarction (MI). In this blog, McLeod cardiologist Dr. Joseph Marmora explains the causes, symptoms and treatment of coronary artery disease.

Chronic stable coronary artery disease results in the buildup of plaque in coronary arteries over time. This causes a supply and demand mismatch in the flow of blood to the heart muscle.

Symptoms are typically exertional in nature, reflecting that mismatch. In other words, when you exert yourself, your heart needs more blood flow. However, the buildup of plaque in the arteries prevents sufficient supply to meet that demand. Common symptoms are exertional chest pain and shortness of breath.

The risk factors for coronary artery disease are age, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, family history and obesity.

Treatment options range from medications to stents to open heart surgery, and oftentimes we employ a combination of these strategies. A thorough evaluation with a cardiologist will dictate which strategy is appropriate.

Recovery from a stent procedure is on the order of days to weeks. Usually recovery from open heart surgery is much lengthier and certainly on the order of months to even over a year.

Preventing coronary artery disease is all about ensuring the risk factors around coronary artery disease are well-controlled. This often involves medications, but always involves lifestyle changes. Adhering to a heart healthy diet, participating in regular cardiovascular exercise and weight loss efforts are crucial.

A heart healthy diet is one that emphasizes vegetables and fruits, whole grains, lean poultry and oily fish such as salmon and tuna, which are high in omega 3 fatty acids. People who smoke certainly are at increased risk for coronary artery disease and heart attacks. Smoking cessation is crucial.

To learn more, speak with a cardiologist near you.